Jair Bolsonaro has been arrested after authorities found he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under home confinement.
The one-time leader was convicted of planning a government overthrow in the ninth month and handed more than over two decades in prison, but he remained under confinement pending appeals.
High Court Judge Justice Moraes said the action to imprison the 70-year-old politician was a preventative measure after "new facts" emerged.
This included trying to remove his electronic bracelet and a invitation to a supporters' gathering that could facilitate a possible escape.
In a document approving the detention, Justice Moraes said information from the centre monitoring his home detention suggested the ex-president's plan to remove the tracking monitor to ensure success in his escape.
This, it said, would be made easier by the chaos caused by the demonstration called by his child.
His child, his son Flávio, who works as a congressional representative, called for a gathering of his followers near the former president's residence to take place on Saturday night.
Flávio Bolsonaro wrote on social media on last Friday: "Are you going to fight for your homeland, or watch it all from your mobile device there on your settee? I invite you to fight with us."
He said the demonstration would be so followers could seek divine intervention for his physical condition and for the return of democracy in our nation."
Part of Justice Moraes's determination was the chance of Bolsonaro's transfer to foreign missions near the home, considering that the probes revealed a background of organizing to ask for protection through a embassy office", a statement said.
The court filing emphasizes that the United States embassy in the federal district, Brazil's capital, is positioned around 13km from the former president's residence.
The former president's legal troubles have provoked anger from fellow right-wing populist American leader Trump, causing him to impose a half-rate duty on goods coming from Brazil.
Bolsonaro is being kept in a national police facility in Brazil's capital city and will have a imprisonment assessment on Sunday.
It was only on the previous day that the his legal team asked the Top Court to authorize him to complete his entire prison term under house arrest, with digital surveillance.
They also asked that the former president be authorized to exit his dwelling for healthcare, saying he needed frequent medical attention for pulmonary infections and other ailments.
Bolsonaro was convicted of heading a conspiracy aimed at retaining his authority after he lost the presidential race to his left-wing rival, President Lula.
High Court judges said that he knew of a plan which involved plans to murder Lula and his running partner, Alckmin, and to arrest and execute Justice Moraes - the High Court judge who has been presiding over the former president's case.
The conspiracy was stopped because it failed to get the backing of the army and air force commanders. His successor was sworn in without incident on 1 January 2023.
But a seven days after, on January 8th, numerous his backers stormed and vandalised public facilities in the capital, Brasília.
The police intervened and around 1,500 people were arrested.
The judges found that the rioters had been provoked by him whose scheme, they said, was for the country's army to step in, reestablish control and bring him back to power.
At the time, the legal team called the over 27-year sentence "absurdly excessive.
He was also prohibited from seeking elected position until 2060 - eight years later after the conclusion of his imprisonment.
The former president called the trial a "witch hunt and said it was designed to prevent him participating in the 2026 presidential election.
A seasoned business strategist with over a decade of experience in scaling startups and advising entrepreneurs across Europe.